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1 Dyes
The following list gives a general classification of colouring matters for dyeing textile fibres: - Acid Colours dye animal fibres only and have no affinity for cellulose. If union goods are dyed with acid dyes the cotton remains white and the wool is dyed. They dye wool and silk from baths containing Glauber's salt and some acid, hence their name. Acid colours consist principally of the Azo compounds and are fairly cheap, so are used for the dyeing of dress materials, suitings, etc. No preparation of the fabric is necessary prior to dyeing. Wool and silk fabrics ate simply steeped in a warm acidified solution. Azo Dyes - These are colouring matters used for cotton dyeing and are developed direct on to the fibre. Basic Dyes - Cotton has no direct affinity for basic dyes, which consist of colour bases in combination with other chemicals, as tannic acid, sumach, or other tanning substances. Tannic acid is taken up by cotton which will then absorb the basic colours. They are very bright but not very fast. They dye wool and silk direct from plain baths. Developing Colours - See Developing Colours. Direct Cotton Colours - Dye cotton, linen, wool or silk directly, will dye cotton direct but by the addition of various salts deeper shades are obtained. With the addition of a little acid will dye wool and silk. See direct Dyes. Mordant Colours - As a rule these are very fast to washing and mostly fast to; light, such as logwood, black, Turkey red, etc. The mordant forms insoluble compounds with the colours, which are then applied to the fibres so that the insoluble coloured compounds are formed within the fibres The cotton is prepared first with some metallic mordant, as chrome, iron or alumina. Substantive Dyes - Have the property of dyeing fibres direct. They are Direct Dyes, that is they have an affinity for fibres. Sulphur and vat dyes are substantive towards cotton. Sulphur Colours are used for vegetable fibres only. These colours are insoluble in water and require the addition of sodium sulphide which converts them into soluble substances which will dye cotton. Usually fast to washing and alkalis - not so fast to bleaching (see Sulphur Colours). Vat Colours - These are fast dyes for cotton. They are insoluble in water so are converted into a soluble compound by some chemical reducing agent, and then they have a direct affinity for cotton which is dyed when immersed in the solution. There are two main classes, those prepared from anthraquinone and those related to indigo. They will dye viscose and cuprammonium rayons (see Vat Dyes) -
2 Natural Dyes
These are the oldest dyes and include such vegetable colours as indigo, cutch, fustic, logwood, butternut, sumac, madder, brazilwood, quercitron, saffron, turmeric-henna, cudbear, and litmus. Cochineal, an insect, yields another natural dyestuff. Several minerals also are used, as for example Prussian blue, chrome yellow, and iron buff. -
3 Soie Vegetable
Flax yarn finished with a glossy permanent lustre and used for laces, etc., as it bleaches and dyes well. -
4 prirodne biljne boje
• vegetable dyes -
5 builjna
• vegetable dyes oils -
6 štavljenje kože biljnim ekstra
• vegetable dyes tanning -
7 растително багрило
sap dyesap dyesvegetable dyevegetable dyesБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > растително багрило
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8 farb|a
f 1. (do malowania) paint C/U; (do barwienia) dye C/U- farba drukarska printing ink- farba ochronna primer- farba do drewna wood stain- farba do włosów hair dye, hair colour(ant) GB, hair color(ant) US- farby do jajek wielkanocnych Easter egg dyes- farba emulsyjna emulsion (paint)- farby akwarelowe watercolours- farba klejowa distemper- farba kryjąca base coat (paint)- farba laserunkowa finish C/U, glaze C/U- farby olejne oil paints- farby plakatowe poster paints, poster colours GB, poster colors US- farba sucha powder(ed) paint- farba temperowa tempera (paint)- farby wodne water-soluble paints- farba ceramiczna ceramic paint- farba emaliowa enamel (paint)- farby mineralne mineral pigments- farby roślinne vegetable dyes- pomalować coś czerwoną/białą farbą to paint sth red/white- mieszać farby na palecie to mix paint on a palette2. Myślis. blood- ranne zwierzę znaczyło drogę farbą the wounded animal left a trail of blood a. blood trail3. pot. (krew) blood- puścić komuś farbę z nosa pot. to give sb a bloody nose■ malować coś czarnymi a. ciemnymi farbami to paint a grim picture of sth- użyć mocnych farb to give a vivid description (of sth)The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > farb|a
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9 Chilim Carpets
The best type of carpets made in Servia by the peasant women. The groundwork is usually brilliant red, with patterns woven in blue, purple, green, yellow and other colours. There is no pile and the surface is smooth and hard. Originally vegetable dyes made by the weavers were used, but the imported dyes now used have proved a detriment to the native dye industry. -
10 plantefarver
pl vegetable dyes. -
11 фарба
жpaint; (для волосся, тканин) dyeакварельна фарба — watercolour, ( акварельні фарби в тюбиках) moist colours
чорна фарба — black; мн. oils
живі фарби — vivid/lifelike colours
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12 Abnakee Rug
Modern American hooked rug made on a coarse and open jute burlap ground. Unbleached, all wool, twilled flannel, is dyed with vegetable dyes and cut lengthwise into strips of 1/4-in. width. These strips are hooked through the burlap to form the pile. The patterns are bold. -
13 Tappa Cloth
Beautiful white cloth made by the natives of the Marquesas Islands. It is not a woven fabric, but is fibrous substance beaten together. Vegetable dyes (brown and yellow) are used if colour is desired and the colour is permanent. -
14 Perkin, Sir William Henry
[br]b. 12 March 1838 London, Englandd. 14 July 1907 Sudbury, England[br]English chemist, discoverer of aniline dyes, the first synthetic dyestuffs.[br]He early showed an aptitude for chemistry and in 1853 entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under A.W.von Hofmann, the first Professor at the College. By the end of his first year, he had carried out his first piece of chemical research, on the action of cyanogen chloride on phenylamine, which he published in the Journal of the Chemical Society (1857). He became honorary assistant to von Hofmann in 1857; three years previously he had set up his own chemical laboratory at home, where he had discovered the first of the azo dyes, aminoazonapththalene. In 1856 Perkin began work on the synthesis of quinine by oxidizing a salt of allyl toluidine with potassium dichromate. Substituting aniline, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to possess dyeing properties: Perkin had discovered the first aniline dye. Upon receiving favourable reports on the new material from manufacturers of dyestuffs, especially Pullars of Perth, Perkin resigned from the College and turned to the commercial exploitation of his discovery. This proved highly successful. From 1858, the dye was manufactured at his Greenford Green works as "Aniline Purple" or "Tyrian Purple". It was later to be referred to by the French as mauve. Perkin's discovery led to the development of the modern dyestuffs industry, supplanting dyes from the traditional vegetable sources. In 1869, he introduced two new methods for making the red dye alizarin, in place of the process that involved the use of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum). In spite of German competition, he dominated the British market until the end of 1873. After eighteen years in chemical industry, Perkin retired and devoted himself entirely to the pure chemical research which he had been pursuing since the 1850s. He eventually contributed ninety papers to the Chemical Society and further papers to other bodies, including the Royal Society. For example, in 1867 he published his synthesis of unsaturated organic acids, known as "Perkin's synthesis". Other papers followed, on the structure of "Aniline Purple". In 1881 Perkin drew attention to the magnetic-rotatory power of some of the substances he had been dealing with. From then on, he devoted particular attention to the application of this phenomenon to the determination of chemical structure.Perkin won wide recognition for his discoveries and other contributions to chemistry.The half-centenary of his great discovery was celebrated in July 1906 and later that year he received a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1906. FRS 1866. President, Chemical Society 1883–5. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1884–5. Royal Society Royal Medal 1879; Davy Medal 1889.Bibliography26 August 1856, British patent no. 1984 (Aniline Purple).1867, "The action of acetic anhydride upon the hydrides of salicyl, etc.", Journal of the Chemical Society 20:586 (the first description of Perkin's synthesis).Further ReadingS.M.Edelstein, 1961, biography in Great Chemists, ed. E.Farber, New York: Interscience, pp. 757–72 (a reliable, short account).R.Meldola, 1908, Journal of the Chemical Society 93:2,214–57 (the most detailed account).LRDBiographical history of technology > Perkin, Sir William Henry
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15 Jamakalam
A pileless cotton carpet, manufactured in parts of Madras Presidency. Dimensions vary, but the usual sizes are 6 feet by 3 feet and 4 feet by 2 feet. The dyes used are mostly from vegetable ingredients. -
16 λαγχάνω
λαγχάνω 2 aor. ἔλαχον, subj. λάχω, ptc. λαχών; pf. 3 sg. εἴληχεν (Ath., R. 13 p. 63, 27; LMelazzo, Glotta 71, ’93, 30–33), ptc. λελογχώς 3 Macc 6:1 (Hom.+) for its constr. s. B-D-F §171, 2; Rob. 509. Pass. of κληρόω.① to obtain someth. as a portion, receive, obtain (by lot, or by divine will; Hom.+; IPriene 205, 2; PTebt II, 382, 5; 383, 14) τὶ someth. ἔλαχεν τὸν κλῆρον τῆς διακονίας ταύτης Ac 1:17. πίστιν 2 Pt 1:1.② to be selected through casting of lots, be appointed/ chosen by lot (Hom. et al.; Pla., Pol. 290e ὁ λαχὼν βασιλεύς; SIG 486, 9; 762, 12 λαχὼν ἱερεύς. Oft. used sim. in ins; Jos., Bell. 3, 390. In the broader sense ‘befall’: ApcMos 15 τὸ λαχὸν αὐτοῦ μέρος ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ.) ἔλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι he was chosen by lot to burn incense Lk 1:9 (on the constr. s. B-D-F §400, 3; Rob. 1060; 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).③ to allot a portion or make an assignment by casting lots, cast lots (Isocr. 7, 23; Diod S 4, 63, 3b) περί τινος for someth. (Ps.-Demosth. 21 Hyp. 2 §3.—B-D-F §229, 2; s. Rob. 509) J 19:24. λάχετέ μοι ὧδε, τίς νήσει τὸν χρυσόν cast lots, now, for the one who will weave the gold (for the temple curtain) GJs 10:2, w. some mss. adding καὶ ἔλαχεν τὴν Μαρίαν ἡ ἀληθινὴ πορφύρα and to Mary fell the lot of (weaving) real purple (i.e. high-quality fabric colored with the dye of shellfish rather than cheap imitations made w. vegetable or other dyes).—DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.
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